Materials design for the anisotropic linear elastic properties of textured cubic crystal aggregates using zeroth-, first- and second-order bounds

For polycrystals made of cubic materials like copper, aluminum, iron and other metals and ceramics, the macroscopic elastic behavior can be bounded using minimum energy principles. Böhlke and Lobos (Acta Mater. 67:324–334, 2014) have shown that not only the Voigt and the Reuss bound but also the Hashin–Shtrikman bounds can be represented explicitly depending on the texture in form of the fourth-order texture coefficient. Considering the inequalities due to these bounds, the texture can be enclosed independently of the specific cubic material parameters. This implies domains for the texture parameters. Materials design is defined as the identification of materials and microstructures such that the effective constitutive properties correspond best to a prescribed properties profile. The design space is proposed to be constituted by the material design space and microstructure design space, delivering a total of twelve scalar design variables in the present model for linear elasticity of cubic crystal aggregates. Based on analytical results, materials design is established as an algorithm following Adams et al. (Microstructure Sensitive Design for Performance Optimization, 2013). In the present work, the scheme consists of four steps: (i) material selection, (ii) homogenization scheme, (iii) properties closure, and (iv) microstructure optimization. As an example, Young’s modulus of a polycrystal is designed with respect to four prescribed directions for a macroscopical orthotropic sample symmetry. For the orthotropic texture domain, a mathematically equivalent parametrization is derived in order to facilitate the constrained numerical optimizations.