Musculature of the head and cervical region in several palaearctic species from the superfamilies Cossoidea, Zygaenoidea, and Sesioidea (Lepidoptera, Cossiformes)

Musculature of the head and cervical region in eight lepidopteran species from the families Cossidae, Sesiidae, Limacodidae, and Zygaenidae (Cossiformes) was studied. Besides, musculature of the anterior cervical region in Brachodes appendiculata Esper (Brachodidae) is discussed. The data on musculature are analyzed and compared with the authors' earlier results on a relatively primitive ditrysian moth from the family Tineidae (Korzeev, 2004). The absence of the labro-epipharyngeal musculature in Cossiformes is confirmed and the presence of a new, indirectly acting secondary labral extensors CMx. 5 in Zygaenidae is revealed. These secondary extensors are strongly developed in Papilionomorpha. Cossiformes and Tineidae have been shown to possess several common plesiomorphic traits in the structure of labrum, while the dilatators of salivarium within Cossiformes are reduced in number from two pairs to a single pair. The present study shows that the musculature of the cervical region has remained relatively stable in the evolution of Lepidoptera despite the loss of some muscles in different taxa. The groundplan of the head musculature is reconstructed for Glossata, Papilionomorpha, Cossiformes, and the "higher" Lepidoptera from the Geometriformes-Noctuiformes complex of superfamilies. In addition, the groundplan of the musculature of the cervical region is depicted for Myoglossata, Papilionomorpha, Cossiformes, and the Geometriformes-Noctuiformes complex of superfamilies. © 2011 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.