Primary Peritoneal Rhabdomyosarcomatosis in a 2-Year-Old Child Treated with Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy — Case Report and Review of Literature

Pediatric peritoneal sarcomatosis is an exceedingly rare entity with unknown incidence. Within these tumors, primary peritoneal rhabdomyosarcoma constitutes a small fraction. Majority of them are probably treated inadequately and have dismal outcomes. A favorable subset exists where aggressive treatment in the form of cytoreductive surgery supplemented by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the multimodal setting can be attempted. We present a case of primary peritoneal embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in a 2-year-old child who was treated with systemic chemotherapy, cytoreductive surgery, and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy while avoiding radiation, with its evidence and rationale.