Artificial intelligence for nuclear medicine in oncology

As in all other medical fields, artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being used in nuclear medicine for oncology. There are many articles that discuss AI from the viewpoint of nuclear medicine, but few focus on nuclear medicine from the viewpoint of AI. Nuclear medicine images are characterized by their low spatial resolution and high quantitativeness. It is noted that AI has been used since before the emergence of deep learning. AI can be divided into three categories by its purpose: (1) assisted interpretation, i.e., computer-aided detection (CADe) or computer-aided diagnosis (CADx). (2) Additional insight, i.e., AI provides information beyond the radiologist's eye, such as predicting genes and prognosis from images. It is also related to the field called radiomics/radiogenomics. (3) Augmented image, i.e., image generation tasks. To apply AI to practical use, harmonization between facilities and the possibility of black box explanations need to be resolved.