Wind energy and CO2 emissions: AMG estimations for selected countries

This study analyzes the relationship between wind energy consumption, coal energy consumption, globalization, economic growth, and carbon emissions. Data from 37 countries for the period 2000–2019 are included in the analysis. To examine the long-term relationship between the variables, the AMG method, which considers the cross-section dependence and slope homogeneity, was used. According to the long-term coefficient estimates of the cointegrated variables, wind energy consumption has a statistically significant and negative effect on carbon emissions in the long run. For example, a 1% increase in wind energy consumption reduces carbon emissions by 0.018%. On the other hand, the variable of globalization has a statistically significant and positive effect on carbon emissions in the long run. A 1% increase in globalization increases carbon emissions by 0.107%. These findings show the importance of wind energy consumption in reducing carbon emissions.