Application of amino acid type-specific 1H- and 14N-labeling in a 2H-, 15N-labeled background to a 47 kDa homodimer: Potential for NMR structure determination of large proteins

NMR investigations of larger macromolecules (>20 kDa) are severely hindered by rapid 1H and 13C transverse relaxation. Replacement of non-exchangeable protons with deuterium removes many efficient 1H-1H and 1H-13C relaxation pathways. The main disadvantage of deuteration is that many of the protons which would normally be the source of NOE-based distance restraints are removed. We report the development of a novel labeling strategy which is based on specific protonation and 14N-labeling of the residues phenylalanine, tyrosine, threonine, isoleucine and valine in a fully deuterated, 15N-labeled background. This allows the application of heteronuclear half-filters, 15N-editing and 1H-TOCSY experiments to select for particular magnetization transfer pathways. Results from investigations of a 47 kDa dimeric protein labeled in this way demonstrated that the method provides useful information for the structure determination of large proteins.