Coordination of bidirectional charging for plug-in electric vehicles in smart distribution systems

The random and uncoordinated charging of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) at the home applications has negative effects on the technical operation indexes such as power loss and voltage stability of smart distribution systems. Hence, this paper provides an optimized approach which coordinates PEVs charging to reduce power losses and improve voltage profile of feeders in both cases grid to vehicle and vehicle to grid in real-time domain. In the proposed approach, there is a load smart management center (LSMC), which the coordination of EVs is its main duty. Moreover, this algorithm manages PEV based on time priorities due to the on-peak and off-peak periods of distribution system. The proposed algorithm uses maximum sensitivity selection for the optimized management of the vehicle charging in order to minimize power losses and minimize variations of average voltage of feeders. In order to show the performance of the proposed algorithm and LSMC, the actual distribution network (voltage levels of 20 and 0.4 kV) has been simulated that belongs to a city of southwest Iran with residential and commercial loads (for exact simulation of network). Total power losses and voltage profile have been calculated to show capability of proposed method.