The glucose-induced synthesis of insulin in liver

Pancreatic β cells, stimulated by glucose, are known to synthesize and secrete insulin. As liver diseases are reported to cause diabetes mellitus, studies were conducted to determine the possibility of glucose-induced insulin synthesis in the liver cells. The glucose-induced insulin synthesis was determined by in vitro translation of mRNA from the hepatocytes. The cDNA from mRNA was prepared and sequence analysis was performed. Incubation of hepatocytes from the liver of adult mice (n = 10) with glucose (0.02 M) resulted in the insulin synthesis [0.03 (mean) ± 0.006 (S.D.) μunits/mg/h] compared to the pancreatic β cells [0.04 ± 0.004 μunits/mg/h]. Immunohistochemical study also demonstrated the glucose-induced synthesis of insulin in liver cells. Incubation of the mice hepatocytes with glucose resulted in the synthesis of insulin mRNA. The purified mRNA which was used to prepare cDNA resulted in the formation of proinsulin I and proinsulin II genes corresponding to 182 and 188 base pairs, respectively. Sequence analysis of the cDNA indicated that proinsulin I as well as proinsulin II gene could be involved in the synthesis of insulin by hepatocytes. These results suggested that insulin synthesis in both hepatic and pancreatic cells could be involved in the control of diabetes mellitus.