TCP performance in multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks: challenges and solution

Transmission control protocol (TCP) performance over multi-hop wireless networks is currently attracting considerable interest from the research community. The characteristics of multi-hop wireless networks, such as mobility, link layer contention, high bit error rate, asymmetric path, network partition, hidden exposed nodes and dynamic routing, do not fit the requirements of TCP for a good reliable data delivery. Here we want to provide an overview of the research progress in applying TCP algorithms to the problem of multi-hop conditions and characteristics. The scope of this review will encompass core methods and protocols of TCP over multi-hop networks, including cross-layer, network layer protocols and medium access control (MAC) layer protocols. The research contributions in each field are systematically summarized and compared, allowing us to clearly define existing research challenges, and to highlight promising new research directions. The findings of this review should provide useful insight into current multi-hop networks literature and be a good source for anyone who is interested in "TCP in wireless" approaches or related fields.