Hamstring injuries: review of current literature and return to play considerations

Hamstring injuries are a common source of frustration for athletes. The most commonly involved muscle is the biceps femoris, which is typically injured during forceful sprinting. Injury rates vary according to several variables including sex, level of play, and sport. There are many classification schemes used for hamstring injuries, including the more recent Munich muscle injury classification. History and physical exam remain the cornerstones of diagnosis, while the utility of magnetic resonance imaging is still debated. Most hamstring injuries are managed non-operatively, although variations in the rehabilitation protocols are seen in the literature. Severe and refractory injuries can be managed operatively with good success. The return to play decision is complex, requiring coordination of care between the athlete, coaches, trainers, physicians, and involved family members. Future research investigating new treatments and rehabilitation protocols is important and necessary to keep our athletes performing at the top of their abilities. © 2016, Springer Science + Business Media New York.