Genome-wide association study and genomic prediction for yield and grain quality traits of hybrid rice

Genomic selection is an efficient tool for breeding selection, especially for quantitative traits controlled by multiples genes with low heritability. To validate the application of genomic selection in hybrid rice breeding, the yield and grain quality traits of 404 hybrid rice breeding lines were investigated, and the same accessions were genotyped by using a 56 K SNP chip. There were wide variances among the tested accessions for all the measured traits, and most of the traits were correlated. A total of 67 significant loci were identified for the yield-related traits, and 123 significant loci were identified for the grain quality traits by GWAS. Two of these loci associated with increasing grain yield but decreasing grain quality. The GEBVs of all the yield and grain quality traits were calculated by using 15 different prediction algorithms. The plant height, panicle length, thousand grain weight, grain length and width ratio, amylose content, and alkali value have higher predictability than other traits. However, the predictive accuracy of different GS models is different for different traits. This study provided useful information for genomic selection of specific trait using proper markers and prediction models.