Design of a Novel Wearable Hybrid Fractal Antenna for Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and WiMax Applications

A distinct Meander Curve Based Star Shaped novel Wearable Hybrid Fractal Antenna is explored in this paper. The Meander curve is utilized to build the geometry of the antenna. A Star Shaped structure is additionally built in the middle of the patch also. It is planned over the jean substrate having dielectric constant 1.7 and having dimensions 52.3 × 58.7 × 1 mm3. The antenna is energized by microstrip line feed, placed at the base corner. The PSO technique is specially used to optimize the width of the ground plane using the fitness function. A numerical model is determined utilizing the IFS to produce the fractal geometry in MATLAB programming. The planned design is compact, mathematical engaging, and offers adequate bandwidth. It operates over 2.33–2.56 GHz and 6.20–6.44 GHz with resonant frequencies 2.44 and 6.31 GHz respectively. It provides 230 and 240 MHz bandwidth at the corresponding resonant frequencies. This antenna provides 8.84 dB and 5.77 dB gain and stable radiation patterns at resonant frequencies. HFSS software is utilized for simulating and planning the antenna. The proposed antenna is fabricated and tested, and the simulated and experimental results are compared to examine the reliability of it. The performance of this antenna is further described by analyzing the behavior using different wearable substrate materials like wash cotton, felt, polyester, etc.