X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of the electronic structure of La1–xCaxMnO3+δ solid solutions

The electronic structure of La1–xGaxMnO3+δ. solid solutions is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The valence state of the manganese is estimated by various methods: by analyzing the difference in the binding energies of the Mn2p3/2 and O1s electronic levels, analyzing exchange splitting in the spectrum of Mn3s, and from the dependence of the binding energy of the XPS spectrum of Mn2p3/2 on the calcium concentration. The state of oxidation of the manganese in the compositions containing calcium lies between Mn3+ and Mn4+. The efficacies of these methods are compared. A correlation is found between the type of crystalline structure of La1–xGaxMnO3+δ. (0 ≤ x < 1) and the binding energy of the Mn2p3/2 peak.