Effects of Land Use Patterns on the Bacterial Community Structure and Diversity of Wetland Soils in the Sanjiang Plain

Changes in land use patterns can lead to changes in soil ecosystem function, and soil microbes could sensitively reflect soil quality and the evolution of different ecosystem functions. In order to study the impact of different land use patterns on microbial community structure, four typical land use patterns, including wetland (WL), meadow (MD), paddy field (Oryza sativa (OS)), and farmland (Zea mays(ZM)), were taken as research objects in Sanjiang Plain. The high-throughput sequencing technology based on bacterial 16S rRNA gene was used to study the community structure of soil bacteria and explore its relationship with soil environmental factors. For alpha diversity, it was found that soil bacterial Simpson index, Chao index, ACE index, and Shannon index in WL were the highest and lowest in OS, while no significant differences of soil bacterial diversity indices were observed among WL, ZM, and MD. The dominant bacterial groups under different land use types were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, and Actinobacteria, and soil bacterial community clearly differed among WL, MD, OS, and ZM. Soil water content, pH, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, NO3−-N, and soil moisture content had strong effects on soil bacterial community composition. In this perspective, it is well established that different land use patterns could affect microbial communities by changing soil environmental factors.