Crack Growth Behavior of Pipeline Steel in Near-Neutral pH Soil Environments

This article reports the crack growth behavior of X-65 pipeline steel in near-neutral pH environments. Although it is often referred to as stress corrosion cracking (SCC), the crack growth behavior of pipeline steels in near-neutral pH environments has been found to be consistent with that of true corrosion fatigue, and the crack growth rate da/dN can be correlated with \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ {\Delta K^{2} K_{{\max }} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\Delta K^{2} K_{{\max }} } {f^{{0.1}} }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {f^{{0.1}} } $$\end{document}. This correlation enables the determination of threshold \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ {\Delta K^{2} K_{{\max }} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\Delta K^{2} K_{{\max }} } {f^{{0.1}} }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {f^{{0.1}} } $$\end{document} values that demarcate the boundary between active growth and dormancy. Crack tip blunting was observed when a loading condition gave a \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ {\Delta K^{2} K_{{\max }} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\Delta K^{2} K_{{\max }} } {f^{{0.1}} }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {f^{{0.1}} } $$\end{document} value below the threshold. The threshold is found to be environmentally sensitive, and possibly also material dependent, but the details are yet to be determined.