Load management in an off-grid hybrid PV–wind–battery system using the power flow control algorithm and fuzzy logic controller

In this paper, the procedure for efficient power management and sizing of a hybrid off-grid system consisting of photovoltaic array, wind generator and energy storage system has been presented. The aim of this paper is to compare a conventional hybrid system with a hybrid system in which load management is implemented by using the power flow control (PFC) algorithm and a fuzzy logic controller (FLC). It has been shown that the load management reduces the required capacity of the energy storage system and slightly reduces the consumption, without compromising the comfort of electricity users. The analysis has been performed using the data measured in 10-min resolution on temperature, horizontal insolation and wind speed for the city of Belgrade for a period of 1 year. Also, 15-min measurement data on consumption for a residential area in Belgrade have been used as useful information for estimating realistic power consumption diagrams of a household. The PFC algorithm enables the control of energy flow and appliance groups in a hybrid off-grid system. FLC manages appliance groups on the basis of fuzzy logic and data on energy produced from renewable energy sources, a household consumption and the state of charge of batteries.