Exfoliated Graphitic Carbon Nitride for the Fast Adsorption of Metal Ions from Acid Mine Drainage: A Case Study from the Sungun Copper Mine

被引:18
|
作者
Dehkharghani, Afshin Akbari [1 ]
机构
[1] Islamic Azad Univ, Cent Tehran Branch, Dept Petr Min & Mat Engn, Tehran, Iran
关键词
g-C3N4; Sonication treatment; Adsorption process; Iran; HEAVY-METALS; REMOVAL;
D O I
10.1007/s10230-018-0561-x
中图分类号
TV21 [水资源调查与水利规划];
学科分类号
081501 ;
摘要
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was easily synthesized from melamine and subsequently sonicated to create exfoliated g-C3N4. Samples were characterized with scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, N-2 adsorption-desorption, and Fourier transformed infrared analysis. The un-exfoliated and exfoliated g-C3N4 were both assessed as adsorbents for the removal of Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Fe3+, and Cd2+ from synthetic solutions and acid mine drainage (AMD) from the Sungun copper mine in Iran. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the adsorption process. The results indicated that the sorption capacities of the g-C3N4 remarkably increased after sonication, apparently indicating that the sorption mechanisms were largely due to chemical interactions between the metal ions and functional groups on the g-C3N4 surface. The kinetic study clarified that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The sorption isotherms of all of the metal ions on the exfoliated g-C3N4 correlated well with both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Sorption experiments using both the AMD and the multi-component solutions clarified that exfoliated g-C3N4 has good potential for AMD treatment. ZusammenfassungGraphitisches Kohlenstoffnitrid (g-C3N4) wurde einfach aus Melamin synthetisiert und in Folge mittels Ultraschall exfoliiertes g-C3N4 hergestellt. Die Proben wurden mit Rasterelektronenmikroskopie, Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie, Rontgendiffraktometrie, N2-Gasadsorption-Desorption und fouriertransformierter Infrarotanalyse charakterisiert. Das foliierte und das exfoliierte g-C3N4 wurden als Adsorptionsmittel zur Entfernung von Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Fe3+ and Cd2+ aus synthetischer Losung und aus sauren Grubenwassern (AMD) aus dem Sungun Kupfererzbergbau eingesetzt. Chargenweise Adsorptionsversuche wurden durchgefuhrt, um den Adsorptionsprozess zu evaluieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Aufnahmevermogen von g-C3N4 nach der Ultraschallbehandlung signifikant ansteigt. Das ist offenkundig ein Indiz, dass der Sorptionsmechanismus weitgehend auf die chemische Interaktion zwischen den Metallionen und den funktionellen Gruppen an der g-C3N4-Oberflache beruht. Die kinetische Untersuchung zeigt, dass der Adsorptionsprozess einem pseudo-kinetischem Modell zweiter Ordnung folgt. Die Sorptionsisothermen aller Metallionen auf dem exfoliierten g-C3N4 korrelieren sowohl mit den Langmuir-, als auch mit den Freundlichadsorptionsisothermen. Sorptionsversuche mit AMD aus dem Sungun Kupfererzbergbau und den Mehrkomponentenlosungen zeigen, dass exfoliiertes g-C3N4 gutes Potential fur die Behandlung von sauren Grubenwassern hat. ResumenEl nitruro de carbono grafitico (g-C3N4) se sintetizo facilmente a partir de melamina y posteriormente se sonico para crear g-C3N4 exfoliado. Las muestras se caracterizaron con microscopia electronica de barrido y electron de transmision, difraccion de rayos X, adsorcion-desorcion de N2 y analisis infrarrojo transformado de Fourier. El g-C3N4 no exfoliado y exfoliado se evaluaron como adsorbentes para la eliminacion de Cu2 +, Mn2 +, Zn2 +, Pb2 +, Fe3 + y Cd2 + de soluciones sinteticas y drenaje acido de mina (AMD) de la mina de cobre Sungun. Se realizaron experimentos de adsorcion en batch para evaluar el proceso de adsorcion. Los resultados indicaron que las capacidades de sorcion del g-C3N4 aumentaron notablemente despues de la sonicacion, lo que aparentemente indica que los mecanismos de sorcion se debieron en gran medida a las interacciones quimicas entre los iones metalicos y los grupos funcionales en la superficie g-C3N4. El estudio cinetico mostro que el proceso de adsorcion siguio un modelo cinetico de pseudo segundo orden. Las isotermas de sorcion de todos los iones metalicos sobre el g-C3N4 exfoliado correlacionaron bien con las isotermas de adsorcion Langmuir y Freundlich. Los experimentos de sorcion usando tanto AMD de Sungun Mine como las soluciones de componentes multiples mostraron que el g-C3N4 exfoliado tiene un buen potencial para el tratamiento de AMD.
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页码:335 / 341
页数:7
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