Static optimal load flow of combined heat and power system with valve point effect and prohibited operating zones using Krill Herd algorithm

Cogeneration of heat as well as electrical energy is an efficient and matured method which consumes less primary energy and reduces emission level significantly. In this process, heat production is reliant on power production and is restricted by the feasible operation region (FOR). This paper considered prohibited operating zones and valve point effect in its maiden formulation of static load flow problem of power system involving cogeneration units for maintaining voltage level of buses within specified limits while satisfying other linear and non-linear constraints in order to make the production cost effective. Cost of production and transmission loss is optimized using Krill Herd algorithm. This algorithm is based on the foraging activities of individual Krill. The distance of Krill individual from food and the denser swarm constitutes the objective function. The efficacy of the algorithm is showed through results of two test systems. Both test systems have been adapted from IEEE 30 bus 6 generators standard test system.