Nitrogen balances and nitrogen-use efficiency of different organic and conventional farming systems

被引:1
|
作者
Hung-Chun Lin
Julia A. Huber
Georg Gerl
Kurt-Jürgen Hülsbergen
机构
[1] Technische Universität München,Lehrstuhl für Ökologischen Landbau und Pflanzenbausysteme
[2] Helmholtz Zentrum München,Versuchsgut Scheyern
来源
关键词
Nitrogen balance; Nitrogen-use efficiency; Organic farming; Conventional farming; Agroforestry;
D O I
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学科分类号
摘要
Nitrogen (N) is the most important yield-limiting factor in agricultural systems, however, N application can lead to emissions and environmental problems such as global warming (N2O) and groundwater contamination (NO3−). This study analyses the N balance, nitrogen-use efficiency, and N loss potential of conventional farming systems (arable farming, improved arable farming, and agroforestry) and organic farming systems (mixed farming, arable farming, and agroforestry) based on long-term field experiments in southern Germany. The effects of the conversion of farm structure and N management are identified. The conventional farming systems in this study were high N-input and high N-output systems. The conventional arable farming system had the lowest nitrogen-use efficiency and the highest N surplus. An optimised N management and the use of high-yielding crop varieties improved its nitrogen-use efficiency. The establishment of conventional agroforestry resulted in the reduction of N input, N output and N surplus, while maintaining high yields. The organic mixed farming system is characterised by a relatively high N input and N output, the accumulation of soil organic nitrogen, the highest nitrogen-use efficiency, and the lowest N surplus of all analysed systems. These good results can be attributed to the intensive farm N cycle between soil–plant–animal. The shift from organic mixed farming to organic arable farming system extensified the N cycle, reduced N input, crop yield and N output. The change from organic arable farming to organic agroforestry reduced the N input, increased the biomass yield, and remained the N surplus within an optimal range.
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页码:1 / 23
页数:22
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