A B3LYP and MP2(full) theoretical investigation into the cooperativity effect between dihydrogen-bonding and H–M∙∙∙π (M = Li, Na, K) interactions among HF, MH with the π-electron donor C2H2, C2H4 or C6H6

The DFT-B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,2p) and MP2(full)/6-311++G(3df,2p) calculations were carried out on the binary complex formed by HM (M = Li, Na, K) and HF or the π-electron donor (C2H2, C2H4, C6H6), as well as the ternary system FH∙∙∙HM∙∙∙C2H2/C2H4/C6H6. The cooperativity effect between the dihydrogen-bonding and H–M∙∙∙π interactions was investigated. The result shows that the equilibrium distances RH∙∙∙H and RM∙∙∙π in the ternary complex decrease and both the H∙∙∙H and H–M∙∙∙π interactions are strengthened when compared to the corresponding binary complex. The cooperativity effect of the dihydrogen bond on the H–M∙∙∙π interaction is more pronounced than that of the M∙∙∙π bond on the H∙∙∙H interaction. Furthermore, the values of cooperativity effect follow the order of FH∙∙∙HNa∙∙∙π > FH∙∙∙HLi∙∙∙π > FH∙∙∙HK∙∙∙π and FH∙∙∙HM∙∙∙C6H6 > FH∙∙∙HM∙∙∙C2H4 > FH∙∙∙HM∙∙∙C2H2. The nature of the cooperativity effect was revealed by the analyses of the charge of the hydrogen atoms in H∙∙∙H moiety, atom in molecule (AIM) and electron density shifts methods.