Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Biosensor Based on Gallium Arsenide Composite Semi-conductive Material for Diabetes Detection

In this study, a gallium arsenide (GaAs) composite semi-conductive material is used as rods with an air background lattice point as a photonic crystal for the detection of diabetes using urine, blood, and tear samples. The refractive index (RI) of bio-samples at various concentrations is used to determine the interaction between light and analyte. As a result, there is a good wavelength shift and light confinement in the detecting region. The photonic bandgap (PBG) and optical characteristics of light are measured using the plane wave expansion (PWE) and finite difference time domain (FDTD) techniques, respectively. The effect of varying the radii of the biosensor’s sensing rod is studied. The biosensor performance parameters obtained were a sensitivity of 821 nm/RIU, Q-factor of 16,209.680, low detection limit of 1.587 × 10−4 RIU, high figure of merit of 6300.683 RIU−1, amplitude sensitivity of 5.667 a.u./RIU, and compact area of 34.972 µm2. The structure proposed is a label-free biosensing structure capable of detecting diabetes and other biomedical diseases.