Effect of the macromolecular architecture of biodegradable polyurethanes on the controlled delivery of ocular drugs

Controlled delivery of drugs is a major issue in the treatment of ocular diseases, such as in the treatment of uveitis. In this study, dexamethasone acetate, an important type of corticoid used in the treatment of some uveitis, was incorporated into biodegradable polyurethanes (PU) having different macromolecular architectures. The biodegradable polyurethanes were obtained by preparing PU aqueous dispersions having poly(caprolactone) and/or poly(ethylene glycol) as soft segments. The drug was incorporated into the polymer by dissolving it in the PU aqueous dispersion. FTIR results showed the presence of the drug in the polymer with its original chemical structure. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) results were explored to show that the incorporation of dexamethasone acetate led to the modification of the nanostructure of the polyurethane having only poly(caprolactone) as the soft segment, while the drug did not change significantly the microphase separated structure of PU having both poly(caprolactone) and poly(ethylene glycol) as soft segments. The evaluation of the release of the drug in vitro demonstrated that the obtained biodegradable polyurethanes were well succeeded in delivering dexamethasone acetate at an almost constant rate for 53 weeks. The presence of poly(ethylene glycol) together with poly(caprolactone) as soft segment in biodegradable PU was able to increase the rate of dexamethasone acetate release when compared to the rate of drug release from PU having only poly(caprolactone).