The emergence of computer interactive teaching system greatly facilitates the needs of students to learn anytime and anywhere at this stage. At the same time, the increase in online course video, voice, files and other teaching resources also puts forward higher requirements for the operation of the teaching system. This article addresses the practical needs of online teaching and proposes a scalable computer interactive teaching system designed with the aid of large-scale multimedia data analysis algorithms. The system utilizes a principal component analysis linear data feature extraction algorithm to extract data features and implements data prediction through linear transformation methods for data reconstruction. This approach enables the system to effectively extract and analyze data, while also facilitating efficient data prediction for improved teaching outcomes. With its scalability and advanced data analysis capabilities, this system represents a promising solution for enhancing the effectiveness of online teaching and improving the overall learning experience for students. Most online course resources are displayed in the form of multimedia. Therefore, this paper uses robust component analysis to process multimedia data, especially for some problems such as data missing and multimedia data interference. This paper uses RC ranking-related evaluation method and R-value evaluation method to evaluate the prediction data, which proves that parameter selection plays an important role in controlling sparse regression. The algorithm proposed in this paper was tested using actual video and picture data related to the teaching system resources. The results indicated that the algorithm achieved the best data recognition performance when the number of theme models was set to 100. This finding provides an important reference for the system design. Finally, this paper designs a computer interactive teaching system which includes three modules: administrator, student and teacher, and tests the system, which proves the practical operation possibility and application value of the system.