Decentralized Load–Frequency Controller Design for a Single as Well as Multi-area Power System

This paper addresses the application of the proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller and the proportional–integral–derivative–acceleration (PIDA) controller for decentralized load–frequency control in single- and multi-area power system. In this study, both the controllers are designed via direct synthesis approach. The parameters of the PID controller from direct synthesis approach are obtained by desired pole placement for transient improvement and the frequency response matching near zero frequency for better steady-state behavior. To get the parameters of the PIDA controller, frequency domain approximation of the direct synthesis controller is used. The results obtained by the proposed controllers yield better performance for a single-area as well as the multi-area power system in comparison with the recently reported methods in the literature. It is also observed that the proposed PIDA controller outperforms with respect to the PID controllers. Properly tuned PID controllers provide faster response and further improvement may be obtained by the use of well-tuned PIDA controller in case of load–frequency control of multi-area power system. The proposed controller design method is a good tool in comparison with the prevalent design methods in the literature.