Surface and subsurface structural mapping for delineating the active emergency spillway fault, Aswan, Egypt, using integrated geophysical data

The High Dam is one of the world’s biggest embankments dams. Moreover, the new city of Aswan, which locates on the western side of the Nile River, is one of the cities that was established to overcome the growing population problem. Therefore, the detailed geophysical studies for the active faults are of more importance for assessing the seismic stability for both of them. Indeed, the emergency spillway fault was documented as a normal and inactive fault. While, a moderate earthquake (ML = 4.6) was recorded along this fault in 2010, about 4.5 km away from the Dam. Hence, its activity must be re-evaluated. The seismic activity along the fault and its extension has been studied. The seismicity distributions and the fault plane solution indicate normal faulting with a strike-slip component and shallow focal depth. Moreover, pore pressure and fluid diffusion play an essential role in fault activation process. On the other hand, the magnetic data for the research area was subjected to a detailed analysis. 2D spectrum analysis and 3D Euler deconvolution methods, were used to analyze and interpret the aeromagnetic anomaly data so as to better understand the tectonic framework of the study region. Finally, the integrated geophysical data delineate the trend of the emergency spillway fault which extends NW–SE. This fault could assist in updating the current seismic source model around the High Dam and new Aswan city for evaluating the seismic hazard for both of them.