Study on the Influence of Anchorage Angle on the Anchorage Effect of Soft-Hard Interbedded Toppling Deformed Rock Mass

The toppling deformation of a rock mass is an important form of rock slope failure that often occurs during the excavation process of anti-dip rock slopes. The toppling deformation is very important for controlling slope deformation, determining reasonable anchorage support modes and ensuring the effectiveness of support measures during construction and operation. In this paper, an indoor test was designed and an indoor test model was developed according to engineering practice and the analogy method to study the influence of the anchorage angle and find the most suitable anchoring method for a soft-hard interbedded toppling deformed rock mass. The effect of different anchorage angles on the anchorage effect of toppled deformation slopes was studied by indoor tests. The number of cracks, the number of broken fractures, the average depth of broken fractures, the number of toppling-bending slabs, and the average bending angle of the model were determined through the tests. According to the comprehensive results of the test analysis and analytic hierarchy process, an anchorage angle of 45° is optimal. The results obtained by the test analysis and the analytic hierarchy process were consistent. The test and analysis results have a guiding significance for engineering applications and help to select the best anchorage angle and anchorage mode for actual soft-hard interbedded toppling deformation slopes.