Sr3B2O6:Dy3+, Eu3+ single-matrix white-light-emitting materials are prepared using the high-temperature solid-state method. The microstructure, emission spectrum, energy transfer mechanism, and color brightness of the samples are studied using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, fluorescence spectrophotometry, and color coordinate (CIE) calculations. Furthermore, the effects of the synthesis temperature, holding time, rare-earth element doping amount, and charge compensation agent on the luminescence intensity of the samples are investigated. Results show that the luminescent effect of the sample containing Na+ as the charge compensator is better than that of the sample containing K+. When the concentrations of Dy3+ and Eu3+ are 2 and 3%, respectively, the calcination temperature is 700°C, and the holding time is 3 h, the samples exhibit the best luminescence performance and the color coordinates are in the white-light region, indicating a good white-light luminescent material.