Synthesis, growth, crystal structure, thermal, optical, electrical and third-order nonlinear optical properties of creatininium phthalate as a new nonlinear optical single crystal

A new organic single crystal with a proton-transfer complex of creatininium phthalate (CP) is prepared and grown successfully at room temperature by slow evaporation solution technique. The solubility of the synthesized CP crystal was experimentally determined using water solvent at various temperatures (30–55 °C). The CP crystal is found to be a triclinic system with centrosymmetric nature and P-1 space group using single crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD). The observed lattice parameters are a = 7.728 Å, b = 9.947 Å, c = 10.007 Å and volume = 639 Å. Crystalline nature of CP crystal is confirmed using Powder XRD. EDAX analysis of CP crystal confirms the presence of C, O, and N. FT-IR and RAMAN analysis was employed to find the elemental groups exist in the CP crystal. The transmittance and optical absorption of the CP crystal was recorded using UV–Vis analysis and calculated the absorption coefficient and bandgap of the CP crystal. The thermal stability and melting point of the CP crystal was examined by TG–DTA technique. The dielectric property of low dielectric constant with high frequency proposes that CP crystal contains good optical quality with less defects. Mechanical strength of the CP crystal was found out using Vickers microhardness test. Chemical etching analysis was determined to reveal that the lattice defects, crystal symmetry and perfection of the CP crystal using an optical microscope. The nonlinear refractive index (n2 = 20.02 × 10–8 cm2/W), nonlinear absorption coefficient (β = 0.54 × 10−3 cm/W) and third-order optical nonlinear susceptibility (χ3 = 1.12 × 10–6 esu) of CP crystal was estimated by Z-scan analysis.