Logistic-map based fragile image watermarking scheme for tamper detection and localization

In this paper, two logistic-map based fragile image watermarking schemes are proposed. The first scheme is a conventional irreversible, whereas the second scheme is a reversible one. The proposed first scheme considers a pair of two consecutive host image (HI) pixels for embedding the watermark bits. At the embedding end, each HI pixel observes a maximum of ±1 modifications to produce the watermarked pixels. At the same time, the second scheme utilizes the concept of mirrored images of the HI to reproduce the image as well as the watermark bits, with minimal distortion. The experimental results show that the quality of the watermarked image is superior with an average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of more than 51 dB for both schemes. Also, the first scheme offers excellent tamper detection and localization ability as compared to the existing state-of-art schemes. Besides, promising results are obtained in favor of the proposed scheme for measures like accuracy, true positive (TP), true negative (TN), false positive (FP), false negative (FN), and precision.