Environmental risk analysis of surface water based on multi-source data in Tianjin Binhai New Area, China

The study on environmental risk of surface water is of great practical significance for the ecological security of water environment and water pollution treatment, and it can provide a certain reference basis for risk prevention and control of water environment. The Tianjin Binhai New Area faces severe water shortage and serious water pollution, but few studies have been reported on surface water environment risk in this area. Therefore, in this study, based on Gaofen-6 remote sensing image, the factors including land use, landscape index, population density, and enterprise source are integrated to develop the evaluation model of surface water environment risk index. It is developed using analytic hierarchy process from two aspects of hazard of risk source and sensitivity of risk receptor. The comprehensive risk of Tianjin Binhai New Area is classified using mean standard deviation method. The result indicates that the developed model could better quantify the impact of various factors on the surface water environment, and comprehensively and accurately depict the spatial distribution of surface water environmental risk. Generally, the areas of higher and high risk grades are mainly concentrated on the west of Binhai Street, Beitang Street, and Hangzhou Road Street. The risk grade in most other areas is medium, and it is low in coastal and northernmost areas. This study not only clarifies the distribution of surface water environmental risks in Binhai New Area, but also develops an evaluation model, which can provide reference for the evaluation of water environmental risks in other areas. Through the investigation and research on the current situation of water pollution, social and economic development, and other factors of the streets and towns in Binhai New Area, it is found that in recent years, the urbanization of Binhai Street, Beitang Street, and Hangzhou Road Street has developed rapidly, and the intensity of human activities is high, which has a great impact on the water environment. The research results are consistent with the actual situation, which can provide theoretical and technical support for the prevention, control, and management of water environmental risks in Binhai New Area.