Drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis

Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is a common cause of acute kidney injury. The most common etiology of AIN is drug-induced disease, which results from a reaction to certain medications. Multiple classes of drugs can induce AIN, resulting in a range of clinical presentations and laboratory findings. This Review describes the clinical features of drug-induced AIN, with a particular focus on the different features that are induced by different agents. The pathology, diagnosis and management of drug-induced AIN are also discussed.