Update on advances in molecular PET in urological oncology

Integrated positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18F-FDG) has emerged as a powerful tool for the combined metabolic and anatomic evaluation of many cancers. In urological oncology, however, the use of 18F-FDG has been limited by a generally low tumor uptake, and physiological excretion of FDG through the urinary system. 18F-FDG PET/CT is useful when applied to specific indications in selected patients with urological malignancy. New radiotracers and positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) are expected to further improve the performance of PET in uro-oncology.