Flux Pinning with Addition of Gold Nanoparticles in CuTl-1223 Superconductor

We investigated the effects of gold (Au) nanoparticles on flux pinning in Cu0.5Tl0.5Ba2Ca2Cu3O10−δ (CuTl-1223) superconductor by infield temperature-dependent dc-resistivity measurements. The values of Tconset\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$\phantom {\dot {i}\!}T_{\mathrm {c}}^{\text {onset}}$\end{document} (K) remained almost unaffected by applying external magnetic field on (Au)x/CuTl-1223; (x = 0∼1.5 wt.%) composites samples. But a decreasing trend in Tc(0) and increasing trend in resistive broadening (ΔT) by increasing external applied magnetic field were reduced after addition of Au nanoparticles in CuTl-1223 superconducting matrix. The activation energy (Uo) was calculated according to thermally activated flux flow (TAFF) model by using the Arrhenius Law. The increase in Tc(0), Uo, and upper critical field (Hc2) indicates a strong flux pinning after the inclusion of Au nanoparticles and found optimum for x = 1.0 wt.%.