Shadow of rotating and twisting charged black holes with cloud of strings and quintessence

Testing gravity theories is an important and interesting issue in relativistic astrophysics using astrophysical observations. In recent years, Event horizon telescope collaboration provided valuable data from shadow of supermassive black holes located at the center of the galaxies Milky Way and Meissner 87, which may help to get information about the spacetime around the black holes. In this work, first, we consider rotating black hole solution for charged black hole with the NUT charge in the presence of clouds of strings, and study the event horizon properties of spacetime around rotating twisting and charged black holes in the cloud of strings and quintessential fields. The null geodesics of the spacetime is derived and the shadow case, radius of the shadow of the black and its distortion, due to the effects of the black hole spin, also analyzed. It is obtained that gravitational effects of black hole charge and quintessential field compensate each other and the rotating black hole’s shadow can be circular. We obtain constraints on charge and spin parameters of supermassive black holes Sgr A∗\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\hbox {A}^*$$\end{document} and M87∗\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\hbox {M87}^*$$\end{document} using observational data from their shadow (size and observational angle) for various values of the NUT charge, cloud of strings and quintessential field parameters. Moreover, we also investigate gravitational capture cross-section for electromagnetic waves and emission rate of the black hole radiation energy through Hawking evaporation.