Solid–liquid extraction of bioactive compounds from Spondias mombin L. by-products: optimization and identification of phenolic profile

The reuse of vegetable by-products has become one main global challenge. In this study, a central composite rotate design was used to obtain the optimal conditions (extraction time, ethanol concentration and extraction temperature) for the hydroethanolic extraction of bioactive compounds from Spondias mombin L. residue. The optimized extract (35 min, 70 °C and ethanol concentration of 55%) was analyzed for yellow flavonoids, tannins, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) as well as HPLC profile of phenolic compounds. This extract had 1666.18 ± 127.56 mg GAE 100 g−1 dm of total phenolic compounds, 38.03 ± 0.49 µg mL−1 of DPPH scavenging activity (IC50) and extraction yield of 17.44 ± 0.17%. The optimized extract showed strong FRAP antioxidant activity and high content of tannins and phenolic acids. Results indicated that 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic, salicylic, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and ellagic acids were the main components in the optimized extract. High amounts of flavonoids were also noted, highlighting rutin, catechin and myricetin hydrates. The present results show that extracts from Spondias mombin L. agro-industrial waste would be helpful to design functional food products.