Central America;
Environmental income;
Household surveys;
Livelihoods;
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摘要:
This paper estimates rural household-level forest reliance in the western highlands of Guatemala using quantitative methods. Data were generated by the way of an in-depth household income survey, repeated quarterly between November 2005 and November 2006, in 11 villages (n = 149 randomly selected households). The main sources of income proved to be small-scale agriculture (53 % of total household income), wages (19 %) and environmental resources (14 %). The latter came primarily from forests (11 % on average). In the poorest quintile the forest income share was as high as 28 %. All households harvest and consume environmental products. In absolute terms, environmental income in the top quintile was 24 times higher than in the lowest. Timber and poles, seeds, firewood and leaf litter were the most important forest products. Households can be described as ‘regular subsistence users’: the share of subsistence income is high, with correspondingly weak integration into regional markets. Agricultural systems furthermore use important inputs from surrounding forests, although forests and agricultural uses compete in household specialization strategies. We find the main household determinants of forest income to be household size, education and asset values, as well as closeness to markets and agricultural productivity. Understanding these common but spatially differentiated patterns of environmental reliance may inform policies aimed at improving livelihoods and conserving forests.
机构:
Univ San Carlos, Fac Agron, Subarea Ciencias Sociales & Desarrollo Rural, Ciudad De Guatemala 01012, GuatemalaUniv San Carlos, Fac Agron, Subarea Ciencias Sociales & Desarrollo Rural, Ciudad De Guatemala 01012, Guatemala
Prado Cordova, Jose Pablo
Wunder, Sven
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机构:
CIFOR, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv San Carlos, Fac Agron, Subarea Ciencias Sociales & Desarrollo Rural, Ciudad De Guatemala 01012, Guatemala
Wunder, Sven
Smith-Hall, Carsten
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机构:
Univ Copenhagen, Dept Food & Resource Econ, Fac Sci, Copenhagen, DenmarkUniv San Carlos, Fac Agron, Subarea Ciencias Sociales & Desarrollo Rural, Ciudad De Guatemala 01012, Guatemala
Smith-Hall, Carsten
Boerner, Jan
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h-index: 0
机构:
CIFOR, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
Univ Bonn, Res Dev Ctr, Bonn, GermanyUniv San Carlos, Fac Agron, Subarea Ciencias Sociales & Desarrollo Rural, Ciudad De Guatemala 01012, Guatemala