Efficient Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna for 4G, Sub-6 GHz, 5G Portable Devices Applications

This research investigates a frequency-switchable, multi-mode operation antenna contingent on ground structure slots and suitable for 4G, 5G/sub 6 GHz and other modern systems. In earlier research work, researchers used the approach of putting slots on the radiator or ground to create frequency-reconfigurable antenna designs. This antenna acquired benefits, in particular compactness, wide-bandwidth, and a consistent far-field pattern due to the amalgamation of slots on the patch and defects in the ground. The proposed antenna used various slots on the substrate's top and a π shaped DGS on the bottom layer. The pin-diodes embedded in the defects of the ground ensured the frequency agility and permitted the design to tune to various resonances. Data observed from experiment is used to demonstrate the antenna's performance. The modelling approach and analytical values manifest that this antenna could indeed reconfiguration between different operating bands, encompassing the frequency range from 2.2 to 8.9 GHz, by switching between four operating modes. The antenna can operate in a wide range of commercial bands, including WLAN, Bluetooth (2.4 to 2.5 GHz), 4G-LTE (2.3 to 2.7 GHz), S-band (2 to 4 GHz), Radio-Navigation (2.7 to 2.9 GHz), and 5G-sub6GHz (3.2 to 4.7 GHz). The antenna presented has narrowband to wideband characteristics, an omnidirectional radiation, fair gain (1.6 dB to 5.9), and an efficiency from 87 to 93%.