Granulosa Cell-Specific Brca1 Loss Alone or Combined with Trp53 Haploinsufficiency and Transgenic FSH Expression Fails to Induce Ovarian Tumors

BRCA1 mutations are associated with ovarian cancer. Previous studies reported that murine granulosa cell (GC) Brca1 loss caused ovarian-uterine tumors resembling serous cystadenomas, but the pathogenesis of these tumors may have been confounded by ectopic Brca1 expression and altered estrous cycling. We have used Tg.AMH.Cre conferring proven ovarian and GC-specific Cre activity to selectively target Brca1 disruption, denoted Brca1GC−/−. Furthermore, ovary-specific Brca1GC−/− was combined with global Trp53 haploinsufficiency (Trp53+/−) and transgenic follicle-stimulating hormone (Tg.FSH) overexpression as a multi-hit strategy to investigate additional genetic and hormonal ovarian tumorigenesis mechanisms. However, 12-month-old Brca1GC−/− mice had no detectable ovarian or uterine tumors. Brca1GC−/− mice had significantly increased ovary weights, follicles exhibiting more pyknotic granulosa cells, and fewer corpora lutea with regular estrous cycling compared to controls. Isolated Brca1GC−/− mutation lengthened the estrous cycle and proestrus stage; however, ovarian cystadenomas were not observed, even when Brca1GC−/− was combined with Trp53+/− and overexpressed Tg.FSH. Our Brca1GC−/− models reveal that specific intra-follicular Brca1 loss alone, or combined with cancer-promoting genetic (Trp53 loss) and endocrine (high serum FSH) changes, was not sufficient to cause ovarian tumors. Our findings show that the ovary is remarkably resistant to oncogenesis, and support the emerging view of an extragonadal, multi-hit origin for ovarian tumorigenesis.