Dual stratification and cross-diffusion effects on the non-orthogonal stagnation point flow of a nanofluid over an oscillating surface

In the fields of hydrology, environmental engineering and thermal energy storage systems, the large temperature and concentration gradients lead to simultaneous diffusion and stratification phenomena. The non-orthogonal stagnation flows are significant due to their applications in many hydrodynamical processes for emergency shutdown cooling and energy harvesting. Therefore, the present study introduces the novel concept of thermal and solutal stratifications in a nanofluid’s non-orthogonal stagnation point flow. In the concentration and energy balance equations, the diffusive heats resulting from simultaneous mass and heat transport are also taken into account. The surface of stagnation is assumed to be oscillating and stretching linearly. The mathematical model developed under these assumptions is made dimension-free using appropriate variables. The numerical results of the problem are computed using the Lobatto-IIIa formula-based finite difference bvp4c scheme. The numerical results are verified by comparing them to the findings of an earlier study, and the results are discovered to be in good agreement. The graphical illustrations depict significant alterations in the temperature and concentration plots with stratification parameters. The findings showed that the mass transfer is greatly increased by the solutal stratification’s (ϵ2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\epsilon _2$$\end{document}) supremacy over the thermal stratification (ϵ1\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\epsilon _1$$\end{document}). In conjunction with the obliqueness parameter (γ\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\gamma$$\end{document}), the skin friction coefficient is lowered.