Flybys in the planar, circular, restricted, three-body problem

An analysis is presented of gravity assisted flybys in the planar, circular, restricted three-body problem (pcr3bp) that is inspired by the Keplerian map and by the Tisserand- Poincaré graph. The new Flyby map is defined and used to give insight on the flyby dynamics and on the accuracy of the linked-conics model. The first main result of this work is using the Flyby map to extend the functionality of the Tisserand graph to low energies beyond the validity of linked conics. Two families of flybys are identified: Type I (direct) flybys and Type II (retrograde) flybys. The second main result of this work shows that Type I flybys exist at all energies and are more efficient than Type II flybys, when both exist. The third main result of this work is the introduction of a new model, called “Conics, When I Can”, which mixes numerical integration and patched conics formulas, and has applications beyond the scope of this work. The last main result is an example trajectory with multiple flybys at Ganymede, all outside the linked-conics domain of applicability. The trajectory is computed with the pcr3bp, and connects an initial orbit around Jupiter intersecting the Callisto orbit, to an approach transfer to Europa. Although the trajectory presented has similar time of flight and radiation dose of other solutions found in literature, the orbit insertion Δv is 150 m/s lower. For this reason, the transfer is included in the lander option of the Europa Habitability Mission Study.