C16, a PKR inhibitor, suppresses cell proliferation by regulating the cell cycle via p21 in colorectal cancer

Double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase R (PKR) is highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the role of PKR in CRC remains unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify whether C16 (a PKR inhibitor) exhibits antitumor effects and to identify its target pathway in CRC. We evaluated the effects of C16 on CRC cell lines using the MTS assay. Enrichment analysis was performed to identify the target pathway of C16. The cell cycle was analyzed using flow cytometry. Finally, we used immunohistochemistry to examine human CRC specimens. C16 suppressed the proliferation of CRC cells. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that the cell cycle-related GO category was substantially enriched in CRC cells treated with C16. C16 treatment resulted in G1 arrest and increased p21 protein and mRNA expression. Moreover, p21 expression was associated with CRC development as observed using immunohistochemical analysis of human CRC tissues. C16 upregulates p21 expression in CRC cells to regulate cell cycle and suppress tumor growth. Thus, PKR inhibitors may serve as a new treatment option for patients with CRC.