The relationship between perceived control and life satisfaction in Chinese undergraduates: the mediating role of envy and moderating role of self-esteem

Studies have shown that perceived control has a positive a relationship with life satisfaction. However, less is known about the underlying processes that may mediate or moderate this relationship. The present study is the first to examine whether envy mediates or self-esteem moderates this effect. A total of 1685 Chinese undergraduates completed revised versions of the Perceived Control, Envy, Self-esteem, and Life Satisfaction Scales. As predicted, the relationship between perceived control and life satisfaction was partially mediated by envy. In addition, both the effect of perceived control on life satisfaction and mediating effect of envy were moderated by self-esteem. Specifically, the effect of perceived control on life satisfaction was stronger in individuals with higher levels of self-esteem, and the mediating effect of envy was stronger in those with lower self-esteem. These findings not only contribute to a better understanding of how and when perceived control increases life satisfaction, but also suggest a potential way of enhancing individual happiness by increasing the positive effects of perceived control.