Difference Characterization of Besov and Triebel–Lizorkin Spaces on Spaces of Homogeneous Type

In this article, the authors introduce the spaces of Lipschitz type on spaces of homogeneous type in the sense of Coifman and Weiss, and discuss their relations with Besov and Triebel–Lizorkin spaces. As an application, the authors establish the difference characterization of Besov and Triebel–Lizorkin spaces on spaces of homogeneous type. A major novelty of this article is that all results presented in this article get rid of the dependence on the reverse doubling assumption of the considered measure of the underlying space X\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${{\mathcal {X}}}$$\end{document} via using the geometrical property of X\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${{\mathcal {X}}}$$\end{document} expressed by its dyadic reference points, dyadic cubes, and the (local) lower bound. Moreover, some results when p≤1\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$p\le 1$$\end{document} but near to 1 are new even when X\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${{\mathcal {X}}}$$\end{document} is an RD-space.