The Effects of Class Imbalance and Training Data Size on Classifier Learning: An Empirical Study

This study discusses the effects of class imbalance and training data size on the predictive performance of classifiers. An empirical study was performed on ten classifiers arising from seven categories, which are frequently employed and have been identified to be efficient. In addition, comprehensive hyperparameter tuning was done for every data to maximize the performance of each classifier. The results indicated that (1) naïve Bayes, logistic regression and logit leaf model are less susceptible to class imbalance while they have relatively poor predictive performance; (2) ensemble classifiers AdaBoost, XGBoost and parRF have a quite poorer stability in terms of class imbalance while they achieved superior predictive accuracies; (3) for all of the classifiers employed in this study, their accuracies decreased as soon as the class imbalance skew reached a certain point 0.10; note that although using datasets with balanced class distribution would be an ideal condition to maximize the performance of classifiers, if the skew is larger than 0.10, a comprehensive hyperparameter tuning may be able to eliminate the effect of class imbalance; (4) no one classifier shows to be robust to the change of training data size; (5) CART is the last choice among the ten classifiers. © 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.