Effect of mitochondrial DNA variation on carcass traits of Japanese Black cattle

Japanese Black fattening steers were used to examine relationships between carcass traits and mitochondria displacement loop (D-loop) variations. The D-loop region of Japanese Black cattle was sequenced and revealed 26 mitochondrial haplotypes defined by 25 polymorphic sites. The haplotypes were classified into five mitochondrial types (type 1 to 5) using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means. Carcass weight, longissimus muscle area (LMA), rib thickness, subcutaneous fat thickness, yield estimate, and beef marbling score (BMS) were compared among five mitochondrial types with BLUP procedures. Significant differences between mitochondria types were detected for LMA and BMS. Difference (P <.05) was observed between mitochondrial types 2 and 4 for LMA. There was a highly significant difference (P <.01) in EMS between types 2 and 4. Difference (P <.05) was also found between types 1 and 4 on BMS. These results suggest that cytoplasmic genetic effects are important sources of variation for carcass traits in Japanese Black cattle.