Extended Trochanteric Osteotomy in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty Contemporary Outcomes of 612 Hips

Background: Extended trochanteric osteotomies (ETOs) provide wide femoral and acetabular exposure, give direct access to the femoral medullary canal, and facilitate implant removal and new implant placement during selected revision total hip arthroplasties (THAs). Previous studies are limited by modest patient numbers and limited length of follow-up. The goals of the current study were to assess the union rate, complications, and outcomes of contemporary ETOs performed during revision THAs. Methods: From 2003 to 2013, 612 ETOs were performed during revision THAs at 1 institution using 2 techniques: Paprosky (laterally based osteotomy; n = 367) and Wagner (anteriorly based osteotomy; n = 245). The indications for the revision procedures were aseptic loosening (65%), periprosthetic joint infection (18%), periprosthetic fracture (6%), femoral implant fracture (5%), and other (6%). The mean patient age was 69 years, and 57% of the patients were male. The mean number of previous THAs was 1.6. The median duration of follow-up was 5 years (range, 2 to 13 years). Results: The mean Harris hip scores increased from 57 preoperatively to 77 at the latest follow-up (p < 0.001). Radiographic and clinical union was achieved in 98% of the patients at a mean of 6 months (range, 1 to 24 months). The mean migration of the proximal trochanteric osteotomy fragment prior to union was 3 mm (range, 0 to 29 mm). ETO fragment migration of >1 cm occurred in 7% (37) of the 501 hips that had radiographic analysis. Nine hips (2%) had nonunion of the ETO. Intraoperative fracture of the ETO diaphyseal fragment occurred in 22 hips (4%), postoperative fracture of the ETO diaphyseal fragment occurred in 3 hips (0.5%), and postoperative fracture of the greater trochanter occurred in 41 hips (7%). Survivorship at 10 years free of revision for aseptic femoral loosening, free of femoral or acetabular component removal or revision for any reason, and free of reoperation for any reason was 97%, 91%, and 82%, respectively. Conclusions: This large series of ETOs shows that the union rate is high and clinically important trochanteric migration is infrequent. The most common complications are fracture of the osteotomy fragment intraoperatively or postoperatively.