The nonlinear increase of Nusselt number with friction factor in fully developed laminar duct flow

This paper deals with heat transfer in fully, developed laminar flow in cylindrical ducts. For this type of flow, the product of friction factor with Reynolds number f Re and the Nusselt number are both constants. It is known that the Nusselt number increases with the shift of boundary condition from constant wall temperature to constant heat flux. Also, the ratio of the Nusselt number to f Re increases when the convexity of the duct is reduced, e.g., a cylinder visavis parallel plates. This paper gives a simple physical explanation for these two phenomenona.