[1] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Earth Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China
[2] Beijing Computat Sci Res Ctr, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China
[3] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Computat Geodynam, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China
[4] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, Mat Sci & Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA
[5] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY 10964 USA
[6] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA