Trends in Mortality and Morbidity in Infants Under 500 Grams Observations from Our Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)

Background: In our previous study, some changes were presented in obstetric care and we studied the morbidity and mortality trends of infants with <500 grams birth weight. Several neonatal protocol changes occurred during the study period. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in mortality and morbidity of premature infants in light of changing neonatal protocols. Material/Methods: We performed a retrospective study of premature infants with <500 grams birth weight, born at our department between 2006 and 2015. We divided the study period into two 5-year epochs and compared mortality and morbidity rates. We calculated the duration of mechanical ventilation and non-invasive respiratory support, and also investigated the potential impact of the differences in clinical practice. Results: The survival rate was 30.8% during first epoch, which was significantly lower than the 70.4% survival rate during second epoch. There was no difference in the rate of complications between the 2 epochs. The total number of ventilator and non-invasive ventilation days was significantly lower in the second epoch. Conclusions: We found significant differences in survival rates but no change in the incidence of morbidities between the 2 epochs. Therefore, although the number of neonates surviving with morbidities has increased, so did the number of those with intact survival. The increased survival of infants born with <500 grams birth weight is not associated with increased rate of morbidities. Protocol changes may have contributed to these findings; however, in a retrospective study it is not possible to separate the impact of individual changes.