Retinal degeneration in hereditary ceruloplasmin deficiency

A 56-year-old Japanese man was diagnosed as having hereditary ceruloplasmin deficiency. His ceruloplasmin concentration was below the lower limit of detection. Serum copper and iron concentrations were below normal, but the ferritin concentration was highly elevated, An ophthalmoscopic examination showed retinal degeneration with yellowish discoloration of the fundus in both eyes, Fluorescein angiography demonstrated a dark choroid in the posterior pole. Geographic areas of window defects were seen in the midperipheral fundus, The retinal degeneration in this patient was thought to be caused by the cellular iron deposition that occurred as a result of ceruloplasmin deficiency.